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The Externsteine relief is a monumental depiction of the Descent from the Cross scene, carved into the side of the Externsteine sandstone formation in the Teutoburg Forest. The Externsteine are located near Detmold, now in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia but in the Middle Ages in the Duchy of Saxony. It is the oldest relief of this type known north of the Alps, dated to the high medieval period (likely the 12th century).〔Otto Schmitt: "Zur Datierung des Externsteinreliefs". In: Oswald Goetz (ed.): ''Beiträge für Georg Swarzenski zum 11. Januar 1951''. Mann, Berlin 1951, S. 26–38; Fritz Saxl: "English Sculptures of the 12th Century." ed. Hanns Swarzenski. Faber & Faber, London 1954; Otto Gaul: "Neue Forschungen zum Problem der Externsteine". In: Westfalen. 32 (1955), S. 141–164. dissenting view: Walther Matthes / Rolf Speckner. Das Relief an den Externsteinen. Ein karolingisches Kunstwerk und sein spiritueller Hintergrund. Ostfildern 1997.〕 ==Description== The relief measures 4.8 m high by 3.7 m wide. It is divided into three parts, or ''registers''. The largest, central register shows the Descent from the Cross sceene itself. At the center is the cross, to the right is a figure identified as Nicodemus. The legs of this figure have been lost since at least the 17th century, but it is shown at an elevated position, aiding in the recovery of Jesus' body from the cross. The figure was standing supporting structure (identified either as a plant bent by Nicodemus' weight, or as a chair). Nicodemus lowers the body of Jesus towards Joseph of Arimathea, who is standing to the left of the cross. To the left of Joseph is the figure of Mary, Mother of Jesus (the head of this figure has been lost), with her hand supporting the head of her son's corpse. Opposite Mary, on the right side of the scene, is John the Apostle, holding a book.〔 The upper register shows the torso of the ascended Christ wearing a cross halo and a victory flag. Alongside the flag, the figure is holding a small representation of a human figure with raised hands. To the left and right, anthropomorphic representations of Sun and Moon are shown, holding drapes.〔 The lower register shows two kneeling figures, a naked bearded man and a clothed figure of undetermined sex, both of them caught in the coils of the neck and tail of a two-legged, winged dragon. These figures were variously identified as Adam and Eve (representing the fallen state of man in general),〔 or as a Saxon warrior and priest. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Externsteine relief」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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